编写测试

Huma 提供了多项帮助测试您的 API 的工具。最重要的是 humatest 包，它允许您运行测试服务器并向其发送请求。

可测试代码

首先，修改服务代码以使其更容易测试，将操作注册代码从 main 函数中移出：

package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/danielgtaylor/huma/v2"
	"github.com/danielgtaylor/huma/v2/adapters/humachi"
	"github.com/danielgtaylor/huma/v2/humacli"
	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"

	_ "github.com/danielgtaylor/huma/v2/formats/cbor"
)

// Options for the CLI.
type Options struct {
	Port int `help:"Port to listen on" short:"p" default:"8888"`
}

// GreetingOutput represents the greeting operation response.
type GreetingOutput struct {
	Body struct {
		Message string `json:"message" example:"Hello, world!" doc:"Greeting message"`
	}
}

// ReviewInput represents the review operation request.
type ReviewInput struct {
	Body struct {
		Author  string `json:"author" maxLength:"10" doc:"Author of the review"`
		Rating  int    `json:"rating" minimum:"1" maximum:"5" doc:"Rating from 1 to 5"`
		Message string `json:"message,omitempty" maxLength:"100" doc:"Review message"`
	}
}

func addRoutes(api huma.API) {
	// Register GET /greeting/{name}
	huma.Register(api, huma.Operation{
		OperationID: "get-greeting",
		Method:      http.MethodGet,
		Path:        "/greeting/{name}",
		Summary:     "Get a greeting",
		Description: "Get a greeting for a person by name.",
		Tags:        []string{"Greetings"},
	}, func(ctx context.Context, input *struct{
		Name string `path:"name" maxLength:"30" example:"world" doc:"Name to greet"`
	}) (*GreetingOutput, error) {
		resp := &GreetingOutput{}
		resp.Body.Message = fmt.Sprintf("Hello, %s!", input.Name)
		return resp, nil
	})

	// Register POST /reviews
	huma.Register(api, huma.Operation{
		OperationID:   "post-review",
		Method:        http.MethodPost,
		Path:          "/reviews",
		Summary:       "Post a review",
		Tags:          []string{"Reviews"},
		DefaultStatus: http.StatusCreated,
	}, func(ctx context.Context, i *ReviewInput) (*struct{}, error) {
		// TODO: save review in data store.
		return nil, nil
	})
}

func main() {
	// Create a CLI app which takes a port option.
	cli := humacli.New(func(hooks humacli.Hooks, options *Options) {
		// Create a new router & API
		router := chi.NewMux()
		api := humachi.New(router, huma.DefaultConfig("My API", "1.0.0"))

		addRoutes(api)

		// Tell the CLI how to start your server.
		hooks.OnStart(func() {
			fmt.Printf("Starting server on port %d...\n", options.Port)
			http.ListenAndServe(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", options.Port), router)
		})
	})

	// Run the CLI. When passed no commands, it starts the server.
	cli.Run()
}

编写测试

使用 humatest 包创建一个测试 API，然后向其注册您的路由。接下来，向其发送 GET 或 POST 请求，以测试您需要支持的各种用户场景：

package main

import (
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"github.com/danielgtaylor/huma/v2/humatest"
)

func TestGetGreeting(t *testing.T) {
	_, api := humatest.New(t)

	addRoutes(api)

	resp := api.Get("/greeting/world")
	if !strings.Contains(resp.Body.String(), "Hello, world!") {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected response: %s", resp.Body.String())
	}
}

func TestPutReview(t *testing.T) {
	_, api := humatest.New(t)

	addRoutes(api)

	resp := api.Post("/reviews", map[string]any{
		"author": "daniel",
		"rating": 5,
	})

	if resp.Code != 201 {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected status code: %d", resp.Code)
	}
}

func TestPutReviewError(t *testing.T) {
	_, api := humatest.New(t)

	addRoutes(api)

	resp := api.Post("/reviews", map[string]any{
		"rating": 10,
	})

	if resp.Code != 422 {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected status code: %d", resp.Code)
	}
}

现在您可以运行测试了！

Terminal

$ go test -cover

您可能还需要使用自定义的 context.Context 发送请求。例如，您可能需要测试经过身份验证的路由，或使用其他特定于请求的值进行测试。

func TestGetGreeting(t *testing.T) {
	_, api := humatest.New(t)

	addRoutes(api)
	
	ctx := context.Background() // define your necessary context

	resp := api.GetCtx(ctx, "/greeting/world") // provide it using the 'Ctx' suffixed methods
	if !strings.Contains(resp.Body.String(), "Hello, world!") {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected response: %s", resp.Body.String())
	}
}

回顾

恭喜！您刚刚学习了：

• 如何为您的 API 编写测试
• 如何使用 humatest 包创建测试 API
• 如何使用 humatest 包向您的 API 发送请求
• 如何运行测试并获取代码覆盖率

深入了解

想了解更多关于测试工作原理的内容吗？接下来查看这些：

• 操作
• 测试工具
• humatest 参考